The EU IUU Regulation is a transparent and non-discriminatory framework that applies to all marine wild-caught fish traded by non-EU countries into the EU market. This regulation requires that all marine fishery products include catch certificates validated by a competent flag state. The exporting state must have adequate measures to prevent and deter IUU fishing in its waters, or risk receiving a warning (yellow card) from the EU that signals a formal demand for improvements. If these ‘yellow-carded’ countries fail to improve according to the EU’s requests, they face an EU market ban on their seafood (red card).